
Text: Matthew 13:31-33, 44-52
In this Gospel reading we have six parables of the kingdom. These aren’t the only parables of the kingdom: Jesus has already told the parable of the sower and the parable of the wheat and the weeds. When the disciples ask him “Why do you speak to the people in parables?” (Matthew 13:10), Jesus answers, “The reason I speak to them in parables is that ‘seeing they do not perceive, and hearing they do not listen, nor do they understand.’ (Matthew 13:13) Is he just trying to confuse people? Not the people who want to know. He’s speaking in a way that those who want to understand will be able to figure it out, and those who want to give him trouble will be confused. The truth that Jesus communicates can be comprehended by people of faith, but to people of no faith it makes no sense.
The first parable is the parable of the mustard seed. The smallest seed grows into a great bush which is a refuge for birds who make nests in its branches. What’s the point here? The point is that God’s kingdom may be hard to see, but its effects can be very large. And besides that, the kingdom offers hospitality to many who need a place of safety.
The second parable is the parable of the yeast. When a small amount of yeast is mixed with flour and liquid, it may be hidden, but it has a significant effect on the quality of the mixture. A flat puddle becomes an expanding, bubbly mass. The texture and the flavour and the size are enhanced. The yeast is a catalyst. Likewise the Christian community is a catalyst in the larger society – to enhance the quality of the whole. What is invisible has a surprising effect.
The third parable is about the treasure hidden in a field. When the person finds it, he hides it until he can sell all his possessions in order to buy the field containing the treasure. Again, the item of value is hidden, and the implication is that it is not valued by everyone. But to this one who finds it, it is worth everything he owns, and he gives up all his possessions in order to have the treasure. Jesus is saying that those who give their whole lives to follow him will receive a treasure worth all their loyalty.
The fourth parable is about the merchant searching for fine pearls to buy. When he finds one pearl of great value, he sells everything he has in order to buy it. This merchant is a step ahead of the person in the third parable who seems to have discovered the treasure by accident. The pearl merchant is looking for excellence and when he sees it, he knows it and gives up everything to have it. Is the point of these two parables the priceless value of the treasure and the pearl, or the behaviour of those who give everything to have the item of great value? Since Jesus is telling the story, the value of the treasure and the pearl, images for the kingdom, is a given. The behaviour of the seekers is Jesus’ point, particularly since Jesus says that the person finding the treasure is overjoyed to find it, and has no problem sacrificing all he owns in order to get it.
The fifth parable is about the dragnet. It is thrown into the sea and catches every kind of fish. At the shore, the fishermen keep the good fish and throw out the bad. This is a teaching about the end of time when angels will separate the righteous from the evil ones. The evil ones will be thrown into the furnace of fire where they will suffer greatly. This is the same teaching as the one about wheat and weeds. The sorting is not done by human beings, so we must hold our judgment; judgment belongs to God and the angels, who are God’s agents.
The sixth parable is about the master of the household who has in his treasury that which is new and that which is old. This parable concludes the chapter of parables, and it is a parable about making parables. Jesus says this applies to scribes who are trained for the kingdom of heaven: they must understand the way of communicating in parables. It’s an invitation to create new parables. This applies to all of Jesus’ disciples who are called to teach: they are directed to use parables as their way of teaching.
What can we conclude from this collection of parables? One thing that is clear is that the kingdom of God always contains an element of surprise. It produces something unexpected. I would say that is my experience of God over the years: a series of small surprises and a few big ones – and I’m talking about pleasant surprises. I don’t think God is out to get us with nasty surprises. Are we surprised because we just don’t know God very well? Maybe. But even more - perhaps God just likes to surprise us, like a parent who likes to offer nice surprises to the children, simply to enjoy their pleasure and delight.
Another thing that’s clear is the absolute value of the kingdom – it is simply the most important thing in life – and in death. Do you ever ask yourself what is most important to you? We spend a lot of our time in this society – in North America and the western world – focusing on things that we eventually find out are not all that important. Have you noticed that you very quickly get tired of having new things, and that buying more new things doesn’t make you any more satisfied? In fact, do you notice that you get tired of looking after all the things you own, and there comes a time when you think about getting rid of a lot of them – and nobody wants them? I thought about that frequently when I was in Peru this spring: it’s amazing how little people really need. I saw many people in the countryside who have no more than our livestock have: a shelter, some water and food. Oh, I guess human beings need a few clothes, but they certainly don’t need elaborate furnishings and rooms and laundries in which to store and care for those clothes, as we do. A couple of hooks on the wall will do, to hang up a poncho or a hat, and a change of clothes. Do you ever think what a burden it is to own so much stuff, and do you wish life were more simple? But what would we do all day, if we didn’t have to produce so much income to buy all these things and spend so much time looking after them all? Well, in a northern climate, a certain number of material possessions are necessary. In Peru, you can live outside for the most part, but not in Canada. But nevertheless, Jesus is challenging us to think about what is most important to us. How would we live if our treasure and our pearl of great price was God’s kingdom? Would we be walking a different path in life?
What are the values of the kingdom? Smallness is good. Hospitality is good. That which is really valuable – treasures and precious things – often needs to be searched for. It’s necessary to look beneath the surface to find the real things of value. The truth is profound and not always obvious. There will be a time of reckoning when God will make clear what is of value and what is not. Meanwhile we must use our faith in the Word of God to guide us.
And the kingdom also seems to value imagination. Anybody who tells stories to explain things is using imagination. It was a primary method of teaching among the Jewish people, and one of Jesus’ main tools for instructing his disciples. Using images – like the mustard seed, the yeast, the hidden treasure, the pearl of great price, the dragnet – requires awareness, listening and careful thought. Why not simply state what’s true and what’s false? Why not simply make a list of rules of behaviour and insist that everyone stick to them? Because human beings don’t function that way. And, I suspect, neither does God. So the Jews distinguished between the Law (“halakah”) and the commentary on the Law (“haggadah”). The Jewish scholars reasoned, “Yes, the Law says this….” “But perhaps it means this? Or this?” And they would imagine and tell stories and expand their understanding. Their approach to the Law and the scriptures became a body of teaching that was very thoughtful, very deep and, I would say, very human. But because it was done with great respect and seriousness – a search for hidden treasure – it was also very godly.
That kind of reasoning drives literalists crazy. People who take the scriptures literally want them to mean only one thing. But considering how Jesus taught with parables like the ones we read in today’s Gospel, how the Jewish scholars thought, they could mean more than one thing. We are challenged to find deeper meanings.
The first parable is the parable of the mustard seed. The smallest seed grows into a great bush which is a refuge for birds who make nests in its branches. What’s the point here? The point is that God’s kingdom may be hard to see, but its effects can be very large. And besides that, the kingdom offers hospitality to many who need a place of safety.
The second parable is the parable of the yeast. When a small amount of yeast is mixed with flour and liquid, it may be hidden, but it has a significant effect on the quality of the mixture. A flat puddle becomes an expanding, bubbly mass. The texture and the flavour and the size are enhanced. The yeast is a catalyst. Likewise the Christian community is a catalyst in the larger society – to enhance the quality of the whole. What is invisible has a surprising effect.
The third parable is about the treasure hidden in a field. When the person finds it, he hides it until he can sell all his possessions in order to buy the field containing the treasure. Again, the item of value is hidden, and the implication is that it is not valued by everyone. But to this one who finds it, it is worth everything he owns, and he gives up all his possessions in order to have the treasure. Jesus is saying that those who give their whole lives to follow him will receive a treasure worth all their loyalty.
The fourth parable is about the merchant searching for fine pearls to buy. When he finds one pearl of great value, he sells everything he has in order to buy it. This merchant is a step ahead of the person in the third parable who seems to have discovered the treasure by accident. The pearl merchant is looking for excellence and when he sees it, he knows it and gives up everything to have it. Is the point of these two parables the priceless value of the treasure and the pearl, or the behaviour of those who give everything to have the item of great value? Since Jesus is telling the story, the value of the treasure and the pearl, images for the kingdom, is a given. The behaviour of the seekers is Jesus’ point, particularly since Jesus says that the person finding the treasure is overjoyed to find it, and has no problem sacrificing all he owns in order to get it.
The fifth parable is about the dragnet. It is thrown into the sea and catches every kind of fish. At the shore, the fishermen keep the good fish and throw out the bad. This is a teaching about the end of time when angels will separate the righteous from the evil ones. The evil ones will be thrown into the furnace of fire where they will suffer greatly. This is the same teaching as the one about wheat and weeds. The sorting is not done by human beings, so we must hold our judgment; judgment belongs to God and the angels, who are God’s agents.
The sixth parable is about the master of the household who has in his treasury that which is new and that which is old. This parable concludes the chapter of parables, and it is a parable about making parables. Jesus says this applies to scribes who are trained for the kingdom of heaven: they must understand the way of communicating in parables. It’s an invitation to create new parables. This applies to all of Jesus’ disciples who are called to teach: they are directed to use parables as their way of teaching.
What can we conclude from this collection of parables? One thing that is clear is that the kingdom of God always contains an element of surprise. It produces something unexpected. I would say that is my experience of God over the years: a series of small surprises and a few big ones – and I’m talking about pleasant surprises. I don’t think God is out to get us with nasty surprises. Are we surprised because we just don’t know God very well? Maybe. But even more - perhaps God just likes to surprise us, like a parent who likes to offer nice surprises to the children, simply to enjoy their pleasure and delight.
Another thing that’s clear is the absolute value of the kingdom – it is simply the most important thing in life – and in death. Do you ever ask yourself what is most important to you? We spend a lot of our time in this society – in North America and the western world – focusing on things that we eventually find out are not all that important. Have you noticed that you very quickly get tired of having new things, and that buying more new things doesn’t make you any more satisfied? In fact, do you notice that you get tired of looking after all the things you own, and there comes a time when you think about getting rid of a lot of them – and nobody wants them? I thought about that frequently when I was in Peru this spring: it’s amazing how little people really need. I saw many people in the countryside who have no more than our livestock have: a shelter, some water and food. Oh, I guess human beings need a few clothes, but they certainly don’t need elaborate furnishings and rooms and laundries in which to store and care for those clothes, as we do. A couple of hooks on the wall will do, to hang up a poncho or a hat, and a change of clothes. Do you ever think what a burden it is to own so much stuff, and do you wish life were more simple? But what would we do all day, if we didn’t have to produce so much income to buy all these things and spend so much time looking after them all? Well, in a northern climate, a certain number of material possessions are necessary. In Peru, you can live outside for the most part, but not in Canada. But nevertheless, Jesus is challenging us to think about what is most important to us. How would we live if our treasure and our pearl of great price was God’s kingdom? Would we be walking a different path in life?
What are the values of the kingdom? Smallness is good. Hospitality is good. That which is really valuable – treasures and precious things – often needs to be searched for. It’s necessary to look beneath the surface to find the real things of value. The truth is profound and not always obvious. There will be a time of reckoning when God will make clear what is of value and what is not. Meanwhile we must use our faith in the Word of God to guide us.
And the kingdom also seems to value imagination. Anybody who tells stories to explain things is using imagination. It was a primary method of teaching among the Jewish people, and one of Jesus’ main tools for instructing his disciples. Using images – like the mustard seed, the yeast, the hidden treasure, the pearl of great price, the dragnet – requires awareness, listening and careful thought. Why not simply state what’s true and what’s false? Why not simply make a list of rules of behaviour and insist that everyone stick to them? Because human beings don’t function that way. And, I suspect, neither does God. So the Jews distinguished between the Law (“halakah”) and the commentary on the Law (“haggadah”). The Jewish scholars reasoned, “Yes, the Law says this….” “But perhaps it means this? Or this?” And they would imagine and tell stories and expand their understanding. Their approach to the Law and the scriptures became a body of teaching that was very thoughtful, very deep and, I would say, very human. But because it was done with great respect and seriousness – a search for hidden treasure – it was also very godly.
That kind of reasoning drives literalists crazy. People who take the scriptures literally want them to mean only one thing. But considering how Jesus taught with parables like the ones we read in today’s Gospel, how the Jewish scholars thought, they could mean more than one thing. We are challenged to find deeper meanings.
God is not one-dimensional, and God’s Word is rich and profound and many-faceted. We need imagination to read it and understand it and speak of it to others. Don’t be afraid of imagination.



